Olive Spurge

Elaeophorbia drupifera

NAME: Elaeophorbia drupifera

FAMILY: Euphorbiaceae

COMMON NAMES: Olive Spurge, Plum-fruited Spurge

LOCAL NAMES: Not available

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Elaeophorbia drupifera is a succulent shrub that grows up to 1 meter in height. It has a woody stem with multiple branches and is covered with thorny spines. The leaves are small, alternate, and fleshy, with a bluish-green color. The plant produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are greenish-yellow in color. The flowers are followed by drupe-like fruits that are green when unripe and turn black or dark purple when mature.

USEFUL PART(s): The latex produced by Elaeophorbia drupifera is the most useful part of the plant.

GENERAL USES:

  1. Medicinal Applications: The latex of Elaeophorbia drupifera has been used in traditional medicine for various purposes. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and is used topically to relieve pain, treat skin conditions, and promote wound healing.

  2. Cultural and Ritual Uses: In some cultures, Elaeophorbia drupifera has symbolic and ritual significance. It is believed to possess protective properties and is used in spiritual practices or ceremonies.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Elaeophorbia drupifera is native to parts of Africa, including countries such as Cameroon, Nigeria, Ghana, and Congo. It is found in diverse habitats, including savannahs, open woodlands, and disturbed areas.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Like all plants, Elaeophorbia drupifera appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells and is essential for photosynthesis. It absorbs sunlight, particularly in the red and blue regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and uses this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Elaeophorbia drupifera is known to be a highly invasive species in some regions. It can spread rapidly and outcompete native plant species, leading to the displacement of native vegetation and a decrease in biodiversity. It is important to manage and control its spread to protect natural ecosystems.

FUN FACT: The latex produced by Elaeophorbia drupifera is milky white and contains toxic compounds called diterpene esters. These compounds can cause skin irritation and are known to be toxic to certain animals. Proper caution should be exercised when handling this plant.

Further Reading:

  • "Invasive Alien Species in Southern Africa: National Reports and Directory of Resources" edited by I. A. W. Macdonald, F. J. Kruger, and A. A. Ferrar